A clutch sits between the flywheel and the transmission input shaft, controlling whether the transmission is connected to the engine ( clutch engaged- the clutch pedal is not being pressed) or not connected to the engine ( clutch disengaged- the clutch pedal is being pressed down).
#A stick shift car manual
In a vehicle with a manual transmission, the flywheel is attached to the engine's crankshaft, therefore rotating at engine speed.
#A stick shift car driver
However, sequential manual transmissions, which are commonly used in motorcycles and racing cars, only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear. Most manual transmissions for cars allow the driver to select any gear ratio at any time, for example shifting from second to fourth gear, or fifth to third gear.
This removes the need for a physical clutch pedal.Ī manual transmission requires the driver to operate the gear stick and clutch in order to change gears (unlike an automatic transmission or semi-automatic transmission, where one (typically the clutch) or both of these functions are automated). These systems are based on the design of a conventional manual transmission, with a gear shifter, and are mechanically similar to a conventional manual transmission, with the driver's control and input still required for manually changing gears (like with a standard manual transmission), but the clutch system is completely automated, and the mechanical linkage for the clutch pedal is completely replaced by an actuator, servo, or solenoid and sensors, which operate the clutch system automatically, when the driver touches or moves the gearshift. The alternative to a manual transmission is an automatic transmission common types of automatic transmissions are the hydraulic automatic transmission (AT), and the continuously variable transmission (CVT), whereas the automated manual transmission (AMT) and dual-clutch transmission (DCT) are internally similar to a conventional manual transmission, but are shifted automatically.Īlternately, there are transmissions which facilitate automatic clutch operation, but the driver's input is still required to manually change gears namely semi-automatic transmissions. Since the 1950s, constant-mesh manual transmissions have become increasingly commonplace and the number of forward ratios has increased to 5-speed and 6-speed manual transmissions for current vehicles. Internals of a Getrag 282 manual transmission for a front-wheel-drive vehicle ( Oldsmobile Cutlass)Ī manual transmission ( MT), also known as manual gearbox, standard transmission (in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States), or stick shift (in the United States), is a multi-speed motor vehicle transmission system, where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars or a hand lever for motorcycles).Įarly automobiles used sliding-mesh manual transmissions with up to three forward gear ratios.
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